The arrival of the Hungarians in the Carpathian basin in 895-896, known as the conquest, marked a significant historical event. Prior to their arrival, the region was inhabited by a Slavic state known as Great Moravia. The Hungarians defeated Great Moravia upon their arrival and established their presence in the Carpathian Basin. During this time, the independent Slovak identity had not yet fully developed, and the inhabitants were referred to as Slavs. 

The Kingdom of Hungary was officially established in 1000/1001 with the coronation of (Saint) István I. From its inception, the Kingdom was characterized by its multi-ethnic nature, with numerous non-Hungarian nationalities coexisting within its borders. Latin served as the official language, acting as a common medium of communication among different ethnic groups. Although a significant Slavic population existed within the Kingdom, many Slavs assimilated into Hungarian culture following the subjugation of Great Moravia. Conversely, there were instances of Hungarians assimilating into Slavic communities, particularly in areas with a Slavic majority. The emergence of Slovakia as an independent ethnic group began to take shape within the Kingdom of Hungary. 

Ethnic conflicts within the Kingdom of Hungary were relatively uncommon until the 18th century. During this time, the concept of "nation" underwent a transformation, shifting from being tied to land and noble status to becoming associated with language and cultural identity. The Enlightenment period catalysed nationalistic movements, leading both Hungarians and Slovaks to define themselves as distinct nations. This shift towards national identity marked the beginning of ethnic tensions within the Kingdom.